Different
Types of Silk:
There are several varieties of silk and these are based on the type of
silk worm from which it is produced.
There are mainly two types of silk.
Mulberry
(Cultivated)
Non-mulberry
(Wild)
Non-Mulberry silk are
Tassar
Eri
Muga Silk
Mulberry
Silk:
Mulberry silk produced from the worms
which feed on mulberry leaves have high quality fabulous silk materials. Such
as Kancheepuram, Kashmir, Banaras and Mysore belong to this variety.
Non-Mulberry
Silk:
Tassar Silk:
Tribal variety silk worm is raised in
forest tress of Sai, Arjun and Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa are the
tassar producing states.
Eri Silk:
The Eri Silk extends upto an altitude of
1500 mts at low temp varying from 12°C in winter to 37°C in summer. Many are
found in eastern India and South East Asia.
Muga Silk:
It is produced only in the north eastern
region of India. This golden yellow silk is produced by a muga worm. They are
developed in Brahmaputra Valley.
Properties of
Silk Fibre:
Physical
Properties:
Length - Average up to 1300mm
Diameter - 0.00054” to 0.0018”
Colour - Yellowish
Lustre - Bright with gum out
Strength - 2.5 to 5.0 gpd
Miosture
Regain - 11%
Specific Gravity - 1.25 to 1.34
Conductivity
of heat - Low
Chemical
Properties:
Effect of
Light - Weakened
Effect of mildew - Slightly
attacked
Heat - At 231°F dry heat, begins to yellow. Above 330 F disintegrates.
Water - Temporary loss of strength 10-25%
when wet may be
steam pressed
Action of Mineral acid - Acid
dyes do not injury even at boil, conc. Acid destroy
Action of organic acid - No
damage unless heated
Strong alkalies - Damaged
Weak alkalies - Alkalies
weaken silk, built soaps must be avoided in washing.
Oxidising agents - No damage
if after treated with reducing agent and rinsed.
Metallic salts - Great
affinity
Affinity of dye stuffs - Good.
Classes of dyestuffs - Acid
dyes
Bleaching agents - Yellow
and tender fibres
Reduction bleaches - After
treatments to be rinsed out
Effects of insects - Safe
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